Introduce And Critique Neo Realism - 1847 Words

Introduce and critique Neo-Realism Realism came about in post-1930s with the failure of the ‘peace through law approach’. The failure of the League of Nations meant there was a decline in the Liberalist International relations theory. Key Liberalist thinkers such as Jackson and Sorensen described liberalism as being optimistic about human nature, that people were capable of moral progress and also liberalist treat states as individual units. The failure of state and human cooperation that led to World War One and Two had deeply undermined the liberalist theory, this led to the importance of the Realist theory who question the optimism of human nature. Realist are often pessimistic on human nature, (Jackson and Sorensen, 2007) argued ‘life is constantly at risk, and nobody can be confident about his or her security and survival for any reasonable length of time†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Key Realist thinker Thomas Hobbes also argued that the world consists of self-interested individuals and that life is ‘s olitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short’. Realism is more useful than liberalism today as we see mass conflict and a lack of trust between humans and states, such as the Islamic State preforming barbaric acts against its own civilians, or the September attacks 2001 which supports the Realist theory that ‘life is constantly at risk’. In this essay, Neo-Realism will be discussed. Key thinker of Neo-Realism has been Kenneth Waltz. His aim was to try and explain why wars are caused in a more systematicShow MoreRelatedNeorealist and Neo-Marxist Approaches to Globalization2148 Words   |  9 PagesPhuong tran – university of sheffield | Critically compare the neorealist and neo-Marxist approaches to globalization. Which approach is most useful in your view? | Neo-realism According to Jackson and Sorensen (2003), the leading contemporary neorealist thinker is undoubtedly Kenneth Waltz (1979). His starting point is taken from some elements of classical and neoclassical, such as independent state existing and performing in an anarchical international system. Waltz’s Theory of internationalRead Morecrime and deviance4817 Words   |  20 Pagesrelevant debates and issues. These may include: positivist versus interpretivist debate; quantitative and qualitative data; scientific method; reliability; validity; objectivity and value freedom; postmodernism; social facts/social construction; realism; cause versus meaning; micro/macro; etc. Answers will show both breadth and depth of knowledge of relevant theoretical and empirical material on positivist methods, although with some imbalances or shortcomings. They will show a sound understandingRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesPreface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Introducing organization theory: what is it, and why does it matter? Modernist organization theory: back to the future? Neo-modernist organization theory: putting people first? Neo-modernist organization theory: surfing the new wave? Postmodernist organization theory: new organizational forms for a new millennium? Postmodernism as a philosophy: the ultimate challenge to organization theory? ReflectiveRead Morehistory of philosophy5031 Words   |  21 Pagesathletically gifted, honorable, duty bound military class. In the later dialogues Socrates figures less prominently, but Plato had previously woven his own thoughts into some of Socrates words. Interestingly, in his most famous work,  The Republic, Plato critiques democracy, condemns tyranny, and proposes a three tiered merit based structure of society, with workers, guardians and philosophers, in an equal relationship, where no innocents would ever be put to death again, citing the philosophers relentlessRead MorePolitical Risk Management and Insurance: A Contextual Comparison12751 Words   |  51 Pageswith political risk within the contexts of prevailing ideologies and political and economic constructs. The issue of political risk and its management will also be explored in light of the principal aspects of International Relations Theory: (Neo) Realism, (Neo) Liberalism and Constructivism. The existence of multinational companies (MNC) in contemporary history and their operations in various ideological settings and social constructs will be examined. The protection of interests abroad has beenRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pageschosen the right approach in this respect, given the multi-ethnic composition of society †¢ Charging two young bloggers in 2005 under the Sedition Act †¢ Will not tolerate malicious acts of racial discrimination †¢ Censorship is necessary to introduce some modicum of regulation, in the hope of diverting potential conflicts Govt regulated (social): †¢ Increased accessibility of information: greater exposure of undesirable material (GOOD) †¢ Demerit goods (ECONS) †¦ In a democratic governmentRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesworldwide after 1990) did not stop the multiplication of migration controls, the proliferation of identity documents, and ever more complex laws to sift and select the optimal migrant. In this sense, neoliberalism has proved to be more â€Å"quasi† than â€Å"neo,† promoting the free movement of goods, capital, technologies, information, and culture, but not of people. At the most brutal level, the consolidation of borders and purification of   national spaces has produced millions of refugees as one of theRead MoreBackground Inditex, One of the Worlds Largest Fashion Distributors, Has Eight Major Sales Formats - Zara, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home Y Kiddys Class- with 3.147 Stores in 70100262 Words   |  402 Pageshow this may play out in reality, it is necessary to understand the interorganisational structure of companies involved in the different stages of the production phase of the product chain and how these companies interact. To do this we need to introduce another fundamental concept in this context: the concept of supply chains and supply chain management. I argue as Preuss (2005b p. 138)that: â€Å"From a life-cycle perspective it is [†¦] more or less impossible to envisage environmental protection initiatives

Girl, Interrupted by Susanna Kaysen - 836 Words

In the book Girl, Interrupted by Susanna Kaysen, Susanna Kaysen was only 18 years old when she agreed to enter a medium security psychiatric facility in Boston, McLean hospital in April 1967, after a failed suicide attempt. She insisted that her over dose on aspirin was not a suicide attempt, but after a 20 minute interview the doctor decided she needed to be admitted to a hospital. During her prolonged two-year stay at the hospital Kaysen describes the issues that most of the patients in her ward have to deal with and how they all differently deal with the amount of time they must stay in the hospital for. While in the hospital Kaysen experienced a case of depersonalization where she tried to pull the skin of her hands to see if there were bones underneath, after a failed escape attempt. Soon, after going to therapy and analysis she was labeled as having recovered from borderline personality disorder. After her release she realizes that McLean Hospital provided patients with more fr eedom than the outside world, by being free responsibility of parental pressure, free from school and job responsibilities, and being free from the â€Å"social norms† that society comes up with. Ultimately, being in captivity gave the patients more freedom then in society and created a safe environment in which patients wanted to stay in. Entering the medium security hospital would seem like a total surrender of freedom; all sharp objects were taken away, phone calls were limited, and leaving theShow MoreRelatedGirl, Interrupted by Susanna Kaysen1305 Words   |  6 Pagesonto others who may be unlike oneself, although in reality, are simply non-conforming, as opposed to insane. In Susanna Kaysen’s Girl, Interrupted, this fine line between sanity and insanity is explored to great lengths. Through the unveiling of Susanna’s past, the reasoning behind her commitment to McLean Hospital for the mentally ill, and varying definitions of the diagnosis that Susanna received, it is evident that social non-conformity is often confused with insanity. When life becomes overwhelmingRead MoreGirl Interrupted By Susanna Kaysen1155 Words   |  5 PagesGirl Interrupted is Susanna Kaysen s memoir a series of recollections and reflections of her nearly two year stay at a residential psychiatric program at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. She looks back on it with a sense of surprise. In her memoir she considers how she ended up at McLean, and whether or not she truly belonged there. Each chapter focuses on one aspect of her experience. Founded in the late 19th century, McLean Hospital had been a facility for troubled members of wealthyRead MoreGirl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen1248 Words   |  5 PagesGirl, Interrupted is a memoir written by Susanna Kaysen who was admitted to a mental institution as a young girl. She was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder due to some her â€Å"depressive† and â€Å"crazy† behavior. Throughout the memoir, we are able to see the realizations that Kaysen has regardi ng the treatment of young women and mental patients. She touches on some of the stigmatizations that she witnessed herself and of others around her. Some of her experiences surrounding her stay at theRead MoreThe Movie Girl, Interrupted By Susanna Kaysen981 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie, â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† by Susanna Kaysen, offers an individual perspective on what it is like to live in a mental institution. As a troubled teenager, Susanna was diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, in which she disagreed with. Susanna parents and a family friend recommended her to admit herself into a mental hospital named Claymoore because she had overdosed on aspirin and vodka. Within, the 18 months that Susanna stayed in the mental hospital she came across many individualsRead MoreSusanna Kaysen from Girl Interrupted2095 Words   |  9 PagesCharacter Analysis – Susanna Kaysen from Girl Interrupted This character analysis is based on the character, Susanna Kaysen (played by Winona Ryder), from the feature film ‘Girl Interrupted’ directed by James Mangold and distributed by Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. in 1999, Rated MA15+. The film is based on the true story of Susanna Kaysen’s time in a mental institution, set in the 1960s. Exploring Susanna Kaysen’s character through an interactional viewpoint, many psychological conceptsRead More`` Girl Interrupted `` : A Of A Woman Named Susanna Kaysen1293 Words   |  6 PagesGirl interrupted, is a biopic of a woman named Susanna Kaysen. Even though this movie was about Susanna’s experience in a mental hospital, Lisa’s Personality definitely dominated the movie. Lisa was surly a girl who was interrupted. She had a personality so bold, vibrant, deceitful, corrupt, and intrusive all at once. Over the years, her personality was known by many names. Labels consisting of Mania without delirium, moral insanity, egopathy, sociopath, and psychopathy (Barlow Durrand, 2015)Read MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath And Girl, Interrupted By Susanna Kaysen3528 Words   |  15 PagesPlath and Girl, Interrupted by Susanna Kaysen. Comparing two women trying to deal with mental illness and are trying to cope with the mental pressures they put on themselves and by other people. Although the differences between these two novels are The Bell Jar shows Esther’s life before she descends into mental illness whereas Susanna’s story is about her time in a mental institution and experiencing other patients who are in similar situations. The title Girl, Interrupted â€Å"Interrupted at her music:Read MoreAnalysis Of `` The Yellow Wallpaper `` And The Memoir Girl, Interrupted By Susanna Kaysen1515 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman, and the memoir Girl, Interrupted by Susanna Kaysen all tell the story of three women slowly descending into mental illness. Esther, the main character of The Bell Jar falls into a deep depression and attempts suicide despite appearances of being successful. The unnamed narrator of The Yellow Wallpaper becomes insane under the care of her physicist husband, John. And Susanna, the autobiographical main character of Girl, Interrupted, attempts suicide by overdosing on sleepingRead MoreEssay On Girl Interrupted1394 Words   |  6 Pagesto spread awareness on said condition. â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† by Susanna Kaysen is a memoir telling the story of a young girl taken to a psychiatric hospital in the late 60s. The memoir was published in 1993 and continues to have an impact due to its descriptions of mental illness. By analyzing the memoirist’s descriptions of her time spent hospitalized and her perspective on these experiences, it is evident that Susanna Kaysen’s purpose with â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† is to seek awareness of mental illnessRead More Girl, Interrupted Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pages Girl, Interrupted Part I: Critical Analysis Author: Susanna Kaysen. Girl, Interrupted: New York Division of Random House. Inc 1993. 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is the author’s topic? The author’s topic is about a teenager name Susanna Kaysen. At 18 she voluntarily turned herself into McLean Hospital. 2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Identify the author’s main idea(s). In other words, what is the main point the author is attempting to make about

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach to Psychology Free Essays

The psychoanalytic approach to psychology is based on the system of psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud (1859 – 1939). Freud was interested in studies of the unconscious mind and mental illness. He preformed studies to look into human personality, psychosexual development and conducted method of treatments to determine the causes of neurotic mental illness. We will write a custom essay sample on Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach to Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Freud thought that mental illness was caused by early childhood trauma of which treatment for such illness could only be successful when these childhood memories were dealt with and overcome. He developed his own technique to try and remember and overcome the events from their past that had disturbed their development. He made his patients describe anything that came into their mind no matter how silly they thought it may be. This technique helped Freud determine the cause of the mental illness and encouraged the patient to resurface repressed memories. Freud thought this would help them come to terms with the events helping overcome the illness, which was said to be ‘removing the neurosis’. According to Freud, everything we do, why we do things, who we are and how we became like this are all related to our sexual drive. Childhood sexual experiences will determine our personality in adult life. Freud outlined 5 stages of sexual development. In each stage the libido, the energy from the love instinct, Eros, fixates on different parts of the body, focusing on sexual pleasure on that specific part. Differences in the way sexual pleasure is obtained in each stage will lead to differences in adult personalities. Oral Stage – This occurs from birth to 8 months old when the libido fixates on the mouth. Sexual pleasure is obtained by sucking, gumming, biting and swallowing. Insufficient and forceful feeding can cause fixation in this stage causing symptoms like smoking, eating and drinking to excess, argumentative, sarcastic, demanding and exploitive personalities in adult life. Anal Stage – This occurs from 8 months to 4 years old when the libido fixates on the anal orifice. Sexual pleasure is obtained through stimulation of the anal membrane with bowl movement and withholding of such movement. Fixation in this stage can be caused by how the child copes with toilet training and how they are trained by their parents. There are 2 types of anal fixation. Phallic Stage – This occurs from 3-6 years old, when the libido fixates on the genitals. Sexual pleasure is obtained through stimulation of the genitals. The key event at this stage is the attraction to the parent of the opposite sex together with the envy and fear of the parent of the same sex. In boys this situation is called the ‘Oedipus Complex’ and in girls it is called the ‘Electra Complex’. Boys experience ‘castration anxiety’ caused by the fear of the fathers punishment for the desire for his mother, which is overcome when his conscious comes to realise that incest is wrong. Girls on the other hand experience ‘penis envy’ believing that they once had a penis, but due to castration has lost it. She becomes hostile and aggressive towards her mother who she believes did the castration and a special tenderness for her father. This is overcome when the girl’s affections are directed towards other males. The Latency Period – This occurs from 5-12 years when the libido is de-sexualised and directed out into peer group activities. It is a stage where there is little sexual activity and allows children to focus their energy on other aspects of life. Earlier sexual activities are repressed to the unconscious mind and this stage lasts until puberty when their sexuality is re-awakened. Puberty and Adolescence – This occurs from 12-16years when all sexual impulses re-appear. The child experiments with all their previous patterns of sexual activity until gradually leading to normal genitality. After this stage the individual will develop intimate sexual relationships. Freud’s theories enabled him to develop a dynamic model of personality. His writings on psychosexual development set the groundwork for how our personalities developed. He also believed that there were 3 different driving forces that develop during these stages which played an important role on how we interact with the world. According to Freud we are all born with our Id. This is a drive that needs immediate satisfaction and does not consider anything else. Like a newborn baby, the Id is present at birth and causes the baby to cry when it needs feeding, changing, and is the babies way of getting its needs met immediately. The second part of our personality comes within the next three years, which Freud called the Ego. As the child interacts more with the world they learn and understand the needs and desires of others. It is the Ego that works to satisfy the Id, as well as considering others. Eventually, usually after the phallic stage of development, the Super-Ego develops. This is the moral part of our personality letting us know what is right and what is wrong. Freud’s theories brought with them a lot of criticism. Many psychologists thought Freud’s theories were imprecise and un-testable, as in the latency period of psychosexual development all experiences and sexual activities in the earlier stages are repressed. This meaning the individuals will have no memories of these experiences, therefore they can not be proven. His theories were said to be unfair in the way they had been studied. It was based on a small sample of people which were middle class, middle aged Jewish women, most of which had mental illnesses. These factors such as age, gender, culture and mental state should have been considered trough Freud’s studies as they could well be factors that also affect the way in which we develop mentally and sexually and could differ from each individual dependent upon these factors. How to cite Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach to Psychology, Papers

Work Health Safety Act in Northern Territory @Australia

Question: Each State and Territory has a principal health and safety Act which sets out requirements for ensuring that workplaces are safe and healthy. These requirements spell out the general responsibilities of different groups of people who play a role in the workplace. Research the Work Health Safety Act in your state or territory and discuss the follow:-1. The key Objects of the Act 2. The duties of employers and employees under the Act 3. The purpose of consultation, representation and participation and how this is conducted in the workplace 4. The role of HR in relation to the implementation of the OHS and Act in the workplace. Answer: In the year 2013, Work health and safety legislation in Australia was imposed that includes the Act of Work Health and Safety, Regulations of Work Health and Safety 2012 that were supported through the codes of Practices that were actually align with the Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania, and the Commonwealth (Work Health and Safety 2013). The regulations of Work Health and Safety 2012 explored the measures of control that need to be applied towards the particular hazards and work activities, for instance machine guarding as well as exposure of noise (Work Health and Safety 2013). The objective of these codes of practices is to offer the practical information, along with guidance over how to fulfill the needs of the regulations. These codes are actually mandatory for offering the information in order to support the workplace to achieve the safe systems at the workplace (Work Health and Safety 2013). In the long term, the work health and safety laws will minimize the red tape as well as cost of compliance for those businesses that are operating their functions all across the state boarders (Work Health and Safety Laws 2014). It will offer to the workers with the similar safety and protection standards along with exploring their training and licensing nationally. The main principles related to the Work Health and Safety Act 2012 are actually consistent with the set up and common standards of health and safety (Work Health and Safety Laws 2014). In the year 2013, the act set up the duties of health and safety, which also includes the basic duty for protecting the person from getting exposure from the hazards and the risk that might occur at the workplace (Work Health and Safety Laws 2014). It also offers the representation, consultation, as well as participation of the workers, which includes the representatives of Health and Safety and Committees of Health and Safety (Work Health and Safety Laws 2014). It even enables the compliance as well as enforcement by the Safe-Work, and the regulators. It also offers the creation of the Codes of practices and regulations. It includes that the important needs of the new regulations should have the transitional periods for offering the workers and the businesses with the time to get prepare (Work Health and Safety Laws 2014). Everyone holds the right to work within the healthy and safe environment. Both the employees and the employers hold the role in preventing the illness as well as injuries related to the work (Acts and Regulations 2015). The useful guides of the organization offer the information in helping to understand the responsibilities of the employers and employees (Acts and Regulations 2015). Responsibilities of Employees Being the employee, one holds the responsibilities under the laws of Work health and safety (Acts and Regulations 2015). They need to act responsibility, and have to take care about themselves, others and also need to cooperate with the employers in context of the safety and health (Acts and Regulations 2015). These practices apply on every worker, whether they are having the disability or not. If the employees dont follow these practices, then they need to be discipline by the employer under the employment conditions (Acts and Regulations 2015). They can even be prosecuted under the laws of health and safety in the state or the territory. Along with this, under the Act of Commonwealth Disability Discrimination of 1992, the ability of the workers to work safety is the most important need of the job (Acts and Regulations 2015). If the disability could be seen to cause the risk of health and safety for the other person at the workplace, then in that case, failing to disclose about the risk could be breach by the workers obligations under the legislations of health and safety (Acts and Regulations 2015). Responsibilities of Employer It is expected from the employers to offer the workplace with safe and healthy in order to protect the employees against all the potential safety and health risks (Johnstone, Bluff and Clayton 2012). The employers are actually responsible for ensuring about all the employees and to cover it by the workers to compensation insurance along with the event of the workplace injury (Johnstone, Bluff and Clayton 2012). In the case of workplace injury they should assist the injured workers to return well at the work with safety (Johnstone, Bluff and Clayton 2012). Safe Work in Australia is highly responsible for enhancing the work safety and health along with the compensation arrangement of the employees all across the Australia (Developing Occupational Health and Safety Programs - Resource Manual, HCHSA 2003). It is actually funded through the Commonwealth, territory as well as government of the states. It works along with the governments, industry and the unions in order to minimize the death, disease and injury in the workplace (Developing Occupational Health and Safety Programs - Resource Manual, HCHSA 2003). The representatives of the health and safety provisions under the Act of Work Health and safety are consistently with the old Occupational health and welfare safety Act. Its noted that the new schemes are actually less prescriptive in context of the HSR process that includes the workgroups (Developing Occupational Health and Safety Programs - Resource Manual, HCHSA 2003). The functions of the workers are also to represent the workers within the work group in context of the matters related to Work health and Safety; monitor the measures that are actually taken by the person in conducting the business; investigate about the complaints through the members of work group about the Work Health and Safety (Bird and Germain 1996). It also enquires about anything, which happens to be at the risk towards the health and safety, which arise through the business (NSW Health 2005). Representation of the workers offers the way for facilitating the consultation that includes the workers by offering them with the voice in the matters of health and safety (NSW Health 2005). The Act of Work Health and Safety explores the workplace that have the better outcome of health and safety when workers have the input before taking any decisions are taken for health and safety that impact them (WHS/OHS Acts, Regulations and Codes of Practice 2014). The person who conducts the business need to consult to be more practical with the workers who carry out the business work and the one who are directly impacted through the health and safety matters at the workplace (WHS/OHS Acts, Regulations and Codes of Practice 2014). The Act of Work Health and Safety permits the employees to consult and represent the safety and health representatives. Its important that the workers should ask the representatives of health and safety in order to represent them in the matters of health and safety (WHS/OHS Acts, Regulations and Codes of Practice 2014). If the employees try to make the request, it is expected that the work groups require setting up to facilitate them into the election. Where else the Health and Safety representatives should consult the person who consults business undertakings (PCBU) (WHS/OHS Acts, Regulations and Codes of Practice 2014). The health and safety committee tries to bring the workers as well as management together in order to assist in developing as well as reviewing the policies and procedures of health and safety at the workplace (WHS/OHS Acts, Regulations and Codes of Practice 2014). The health and safety representatives need to set up the workers in to make the request to the PCBU (WHS/OHS Acts, Regulations and Codes of Practice 2014). Its noted that the health and safety committee are actually helpful for the forum in consultation over the issues of work health and safety (Towarnicki 2012). Its also noted that the committee also enable the PSBU along with workers representatives in order to meet regularly and try to work in cooperation in order to develop the procedures and policies for improving the outcomes of work health and safety (Johnstone, Bluff and Clayton 2012). In general, they are helpful in the effective consultation at the healthcare workplace, in which there are many people trying to conduct the business as well as undertakings (Johnstone, Bluff and Clayton 2012). Its noted that widespread consultation has actually developed in the framework of cultural respect of the health by focusing over the agreement of cultural respect (Johnstone, Bluff and Clayton 2012). The framework of the cultural respect is also developed through the help of the guiding principles in the construction of the policy and the delivery of service through utilizing the jurisdiction by implementing the initiatives for addressing the own requirements in specific mechanism to strengthen the relationship among the system of healthcare (Johnstone, Bluff and Clayton 2012). Its important that the consultation should be conducted in the health service with the representatives of the local community for the purpose of agreeing over the key group of language within the local area and the local people selection to act as the interpreters (Johnstone, Bluff and Clayton 2012). Its the responsibility of the managers to conduct planning and organizing the activities in the company and lead and control the activities of the company by motivating the staff (Work Health and Safety (National Uniform Legislation) Act 2014). In the area of occupational health and safety, both the state and the territory is responsible for formulating the laws related to occupational health and safety by enforcing the laws. Its the responsibility of every state to have OFS Act and ensure about the safety and health (Work Health and Safety (National Uniform Legislation) Act 2014). In order to develop the OHS programs in the company certain steps need to be taken. In the first step relates to certain set of programs that recognize the previous hazards that are faced by the workers and it include the existing records review (Bratton and Gold 2012).Legislations within the British Columbia also offers the guidelines that includes the minimum needs of the OHS program (Bratton and Gold 2012). The next step relates to prioritizing the requirements of programs, which is based over the risk related to the hazards that need to be controlled through the particular health and safety program (Work Health and Safety (National Uniform Legislation) Act 2014). The third step relates to developing the content of every program. Its important that every program needs to be unique and need to be specific within the organization (Bratton and Gold 2012). It should include common elements like procedure for specific work, program goals, and statement of accountability, training, and program evaluation in order to ensure for continuous improvement. References Acts and Regulations. 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.worksafe.nt.gov.au/Legislation/Pages/Acts-and-Regulations.aspx [Accessed on: 31st January 2015] Bird, F. E. and Germain, G. L. 1996. Practical Loss Control Leadership. Georgia: Det Norske Veritas (USA) Inc. Bratton, J. and Gold, J. 2012. Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Developing Occupational Health and Safety Programs - Resource Manual, HCHSA. 2003. Toronto, Ontario: Det Norske Veritas (USA) Inc. Johnstone, R., Bluff, E. and Clayton, A. 2012. Work Health and Safety Law and Policy. Australia: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. NSW Health. 2005. Learning and Development Policy NSW Department of Health. Sydney, Department of Health, NSW. [Online]. Available at: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/PD/2005/pdf/PD2005_255.pdf [Accessed on: 31st January 2015] NSW Health. 2005. Managing for performance - a better practice approach for NSW Health. Sydney, Department of Health, NSW. [Online]. Available at: www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/PD/2005/pdf/PD2005_180.pdf [Accessed on: 31st January 2015] Towarnicki, S. 2012. Human Resource Management: maintaining a motivated and productive workforce. HIM-INTERCHANGE, 2(1), pp. 9-12. WHS/OHS Acts, Regulations and Codes of Practice. 2014. [Online]. Available at: https://www.business.gov.au/business-topics/employing-people/workplace-health-and-safety/Pages/whs-acts-regulations-and-codes-of-practice.aspx [Accessed on: 31st January 2015]. Work Health and Safety (National Uniform Legislation) Act. 2014. [Online]. Available at: https://notes.nt.gov.au/dcm/legislat/legislat.nsf/linkreference/work%20health%20and%20safety%20%28national%20uniform%20legislation%29%20act?opendocument [Accessed on: 31st January 2015] Work Health and Safety Laws. 2014. [Online]. Available at: https://www.safework.sa.gov.au/show_page.jsp?id=112104#.VMxjLdKUcUc [Accessed on: 31st January 2015] Work Health and Safety. 2013. [Online]. Available at: https://www.jobaccess.gov.au/content/work-health-and-safety-0 [Accessed on: 31st January 2015]